D) Authoritative parents insist on mature behavior, give reasons for their expectations, and use "teaching moments" to promote the child's self-regulation. b. a. inner-city youth gangs, Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate? The B-complex vitamins and vitamin C are not stored in the body and must be replaced each day. differential association theory 49, Which type of crime is LEAST typical of crimes committed by women? They compromise the relationships young Latino and African American men have with teachers, neighbors, and authority figures. This is an example of C) Genetic; nurtured Fatal fungal infections may be able to resist newer antifungal drugs. are used by the powerful to maintain their own privileged positions. CThe police searched the boy's house and found the girl's body by a strange smell. Harsh punishment in response to encopresis: A) aggravates the problem and causes anxiety. Violent crime rates have decreased but property crime rates have decreased. From the perspective of labeling theory, deviance is seen as Adolescents feel most comfortable with peers who _______________. According to Erikson, one of the major functions of play is to allow children to__________. d. 13) Which ofthe following statements about punishment isNOT true? A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous forms of unconditioned and conditioned punishers becomes a generalized conditioned punisher. The United States is the only nation in the world in which the majority of citizens support capital punishment. burglary rate C) Cannot be effectively treated with medication. Particularly with regard to the physical punishment of children, most psychologists agree with B.F. Skinner's belief that reinforcement is more effective than punishment. the reports focus only on nonviolent "index" crimes. developing interview skills for those on parole. D) For well-adjusted youths, grade point averages tend to increase with the high school transition. Yuri plans to spend her first year or two of college exploring her options before settling on a major. Punishment affects most the behavior that immediately precedes the onset of punishment. Nicky found the movie so awful that he ran out of the theater to get away from it. Egalitarianism (from French gal 'equal'), or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people. a. Where tyranny and subjugation reigned, the Church established the equality of all human beings created in the Image of God. C) Authoritative parents combine low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy. The majority of Americans have always opposed capital punishment. a. Which of the following statements about school transitions is true? Reprimands A) Mediation a. Patrick Sharkey found that in communities where crime has gone down a. Contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair or return the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was in prior to the misbehavior. d. Which of the following three-phase sequences do many homosexual adolescents and adults move through in coming out to themselves and others? Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." b. Availability of reinforcement for an alternative behavior. D) Problem-centered. What is especially interesting about this idea is that it may not require that a punishment be actually used, as in virtue of knowing the punishment, the crime will rarely occur. d. A) Segregate the classrooms to promote ethnic pride When he is released, he commits more crimes. differential association theory C) Older children are more likely than preschool and young school-age children to imitate TV violence. What are Kohlberg's levels of moral development? a black man with a felony conviction. Punishment only supprosses behaviors and does not ostablish now, desired behaviors. a. There is a genetic predisposition for alcoholism that will cause those with that predisposition to become alcoholics, with little regard to their environment. public order offenses Homework Clinic is a free homework helpline for anyone who signs-up. They find a way to move to a different community as soon as possible. A renewed emphasis on crime prevention rather than law enforcement to reintegrate policing within the community is called C. When a writer does not use quotation marks around a direct quote, plagiarism is committed. D) Experience pleasurable stimuli less intensely, causing them to seek outside stimulation, such as illicit drugs. China b. a. availability of firearms d.conflict theory. Physical punishment teaches a child that violence is an appropriate behavior for adults. b. incarcerations., 2. What function would your textbook authors most likely say your friend getting a speeding ticket performs? a. Definitions of deviance vary based on social context. a. index crime. 572. C) Joint physical custody A) Harshly treated children are rarely aggressive toward other children. Brazil A) Anorexia. D) Class inclusion. white-collar crime. Physically intervening as soon as the person begins to emit the problem behavior to prevent or "block" the completion of the response has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of some problem behaviors. b. A) React more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely. growing police departments a. the prison boom c. Even in countries that have eliminated the death penalty, the majority tend to support it. Juan has developed an ability called__________. d. Choose a children's book and evaluate it according to the criteria outlined the Galda textbook. B) Organization A) Phonological awareness a. D) The dropout rate is higher among African-American than among Hispanic teenagers. 41. d. a sense of relative deprivation among those at the bottom b. C) Perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing a self-concept based on personality traits. Jason was a happy child who did well in school but began displaying antisocial behavior around age 13, and gradually moved to more severe delinquent acts. c. compared to other racial and ethnic groups, White non-Hispanics are disproportionately sentenced . Which of the following interventions should he use? c. a. and "What do you have to say for yourself?" In addition, legislatures may observe and steer governing actions, with authority to amend the budget involved. Almost invariably at this time of . severe, distressing, and impairing fear in response to an object, or situation Amelia has well-developed emotional self-regulation. b. All you want to do is reduce the behavior, not make people atone for their sins. United States. See Answer. control theory Since he was in middle school, Jacob has planned to become a police officer, too. B) Weaken; strengthens b. D) Punishment may be a permanent solution. b. d. Which of the following statements about punishment is true? Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong.". Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE? d. d. morality training for those in prison. Punishment can lead to negative emotions, such as fear or anxiety. c. C) Identity c. Oxytocin is recommended only for pregnancies that have a medical reason for inducing labor (such as eclampsia) and is not recommended for elective procedures or for making the birthing process more convenient. Side effects such as aggression and resistance to the response blocking procedure have occurred in some studies. d. D) Friendship, integrity, and honesty, Both identity __________ and __________ are psychologically healthy routes to mature self-definition. Which of the following statements about resilience is true? Generalized conditioned punishers are free from the control of specific motivating conditions and will function as punishment under most conditions. c. A) Punishment (if not harsh) may be effective if it is instructional. D) Diabetes. Kim's parents are warm but overindulgent and inattentive. Crime results from untreated mental illness. control theory It can change a child's feelings about the punisher. Police officers routinely ignore the useful information that big data provides. a. d. 13) B ) Effective punishment is consistent punishment . They make few demands for maturity. BQuite a lot of people handed out lots of papers to look for the girl. a. the reports focus on embezzlement, a crime typically committed by the middle class. Which of the following statements about the effects of harsh punishment is true? Punishment should be delivered in a business-like, matter-of-fact manner. select effective punishers A) David is at higher risk for leading a life full of aggression and criminality. Even though the amount of money involved in white-collar crime in the United States is forty times greater than the amount involved in crimes against property, efforts to detect white-collar crime are ordinarily limited and most do not appear in official statistics at all. D) Calling attention to gender. B) Emotion-centered it was not being applied in the high crime neighborhoods for which it was intended. Gardner believes that__________. Which of the following statements is true regarding corporal punishment? Presentation of a stimulus (or an increase in the intensity of an already present stimulus) immediately following a behavior that results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior. Ex: learning to do a dance from watching youtube videos, similar to second-order conditioning, but a previously CS is presented at the same time as the new stimulus, both followed by the US, reinforcing behaviors that successively approximate desired behavior, a more-valued activity can be used to reinforce the performance of a less- valued activity a. Because aversive events are associated with positive punishment and with negative reinforcement, the umbrella term aversive control is often used to describe intervention involving either or both of these two principles. a. 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