note: The 3 articles, Early Land Grants, Frederick If you are using a computer in the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, you may use this database by clicking here. The microfilm may be scheduled for future scanning. The earliest visits to the area were conducted primarily by English and Spanish explorers. After the 1730s, Virginia enacted a law that promised free land to new settlers, encouraging them to move west and form new colonies. It is one of the longest rivers in West Virginia. All give reference to Virginia. Their descendants, who were legion, Lt. In secret, but lawful collusion (in an era before U.S. antitrust laws were enacted), each declined to negotiate favorable rates with Page, nor did they offer to purchase his railroad, as they had many other short-lines. Its composition was just as irregular. [23] The other delegates to the June Convention were "chosen even more irregularly-some in mass meetings, others by county committee, and still others were seemingly self-appointed". Following the war, Virginia unsuccessfully brought a case to the Supreme Court challenging the secession of Berkeley County and Jefferson County to West Virginia. They grew sunflowers, tubers, gourds, squash and several seeds such as lambsquarter, may grass, sumpweed, smartweed and little barley cereals. "Reconstruction in West Virginia, Part I and II,", Link, William A. A camera icon indicates items that are digitally available online. Even in some counties that had voted against secession, such as Wayne and Cabell, it was necessary to send in Union soldiers.[21]. Early West Virginia Settlers, 1600s-1900s This database is comprised of fourteen books. Most of them came from Pennsylvania in the north in search of new lands. General George B. McClellan's forces gained possession of the greater part of the territory in the summer of 1861. acres, dated 3 October 1734, Grant to Isaac Pennington, By S.C. Shaw, 1878.] 520 Add to Print List Notes In 1991, both state legislatures appropriated money for a boundary commission to look into 15 miles (24km) of the border area. He made surveys in 1748 On June 15, 1607 the fleet commander Captain Christopher Newport will return to England leaving 104 settlers. "A Reappraisal of Statehood Politics in West Virginia". On May 13, 1862, the state legislature of the reorganized government approved the formation of the new state. As of 2009[update], over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia.[1][2]. [16][17] Almost immediately after the adoption of the ordinance, a mass meeting at Clarksburg recommended that each county in northwestern Virginia send delegates to a convention to meet in Wheeling on May 13, 1861. It authorized the creation of the State of Kanawha, consisting of most of the counties that now comprise West Virginia. After an early expedition in 1584 to the "New World" by Sir Walter Raleigh, many other expeditions from England were sent to explore and colonize, including three ships that set sail on April 30, 1607, which were funded by "The Virginia Company". acres. James Wood, and to William Williams, Jacob Neswanger, McKay, and Abraham Hite in 1744. Even in the 21st century, mining safety and ecological concerns are challenging to the state whose coal continues to power electrical generating plants in many other states. West Virginia was one of five Civil War border states. Kindle Edition. The first native settlers in southern West Virginia were the Mound Builders, also known as the Adena people. Youll find a list of all Revolutionary War soldiers who ever lived in West Virginia and an index to civilians who participated in the War effort. Yet the soil was rich, and some beautiful hillside farms developed during the days when Western Virginia was being settled and later, after West Virginia had become a state. [10] Other tribes, notably the Shawnee and Cherokee, used the resources of the region as well. Nonetheless, West Virginia was considered the frontier for quite some time. Morgan Morgan. In 1861, as the United States itself became massively divided over slavery, leading to the American Civil War (18611865), the western regions of Virginia split with the eastern portion politically, and the two were never reconciled as a single state again. The western area focused its commerce on neighbors to the west, and many citizens felt that the more populous eastern areas were too dominant in the Virginia General Assembly and insensitive to their needs. Copyright August @2011 -2023 116117, "Union troops were stationed outside polling places to intimidate those who might vote for Virginia. Middle and Late Woodland people include Middle Woodland Watson pottery people, Late Woodland Wood Phase, Late Hopewell at Romney, Montana (late Woodland AD 5001000), Wilhelm culture (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Armstrong (Late Middle Woodland, c. AD 1~500), Buck Garden (Late Woodland AD 5001200), Childers Phase (Late Middle Woodland c. 400 AD), and Parkline Phase (Late Woodland AD 750~1000). After the war, with the new railroads came a practical method to transport large quantities of coal to expanding U.S. and export markets. ], [Webmasters Most of the opposition came from delegates from eastern counties, who did not like the compromises made for the west.[14]. [3] Within the greater region of and neighboring the Mountain State, the Riverton Tradition includes Maple Creek Phase. Governor of Virginia in 1710, founded the first Germanna Colony in 1714. "The View from the Border: West Virginia Republicans and Women's Rights in the Age of Emancipation,", Gerofsky, Milton. October 3, 1734, Grant to Richard Paulson, 834 Remnants of the Mound Builder=s civilization have been found throughout West Virginia, with a high concentration of artifacts located at Moundsville, West Virginia, in Marshall County. Hite was for one thousand and twenty acres (1,020). According to historian Anne Wallace Effland, conservative social and religious beliefs together with the campaigns by anti-suffragists kept up a solid defense against them. Six followers were also tried, convicted, and executed. Wooden coal barges were built on the Monongahela River near Morgantown, as well as along Coal River and Elk River. Governor of Virginia, the Wheeling constitution was discarded, and an entirely new one was written along ante-bellum principles. In the 1880s, this tram and other steam machinery were used for collecting timber used as railroad ties in the railway construction along the Kanawha river. In Feb., 1739, to Hendery The rugged nature of the country made slavery unprofitable, and time only increased the social, political, economic, and cultural differences .mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}(see Tuckahoe-Cohee) between the two sections of Virginia. The qualifying FIRST SETTLER ancestor needed for FSSV membership is a person who resided in an area that is located in present-day Shenandoah Valley before 31 December 1799. [42] Small pockets of virgin forest remain at Gaudineer Scenic Area and Cathedral State Park.[43]. 1863-1889 Plats and surveys FS Library film 462959. The June 1861 convention consisted of 104 members, 35 of which were members of the General Assembly in Richmond, some elected in the May 23 vote, and some hold-over State Senators. deeds recorded to Stephen Hunsonbeller. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Their railroad was renamed Norfolk and Western (N&W), and a new railroad city was developed at Roanoke to handle planned expansion. In addition to differences over the abolition of slavery, he and allies felt the Virginia government ignored and refused to spend funds on needed internal improvements in the west, such as turnpikes and railroads.[15]. Heavy settlement began in the 1760s after Indian claims had been settled. Jefferson in 1801. whether there was others there before that date, unsettled. Keelboats were built in the Kanawha region in Leon, Ravenswood Murraysville, and Little Kanawha River. Those not voting were Thomas Maslin of Hardy County and Benjamin Wilson of Harrison County. "[37] Instead of Rev. As tobacco emerged as a profitable export, Virginia imported more Africans to cultivate it and hardened boundaries of slavery. [39], In recent years, there has been serious talk about the possibility of certain counties in the Eastern Panhandle rejoining the Commonwealth of Virginia. In particular, men such as lawyer Francis H. Pierpont from Fairmont, had long chafed under the political domination of the Tidewater and Piedmont slave-holders. he made such surveys, viz: From Norris On August 22, 1872, an entirely new constitution was adopted. Large Landowner Gloucester Richmond Stafford Counties. Walkers, Beesons. The First Settlers. Logging was supported by a dense rail network extending throughout the mountains and hollows. Served in House of Burgesses for New Kent County, son of. acres. Appointed Lt. build up several Western States, especially Ohio. an 1863 Copperhead editorial condemning the US Congress for accepting West Virginia as a state. is not now our purpose to continue here this discussion, but to Frustrated by bad economic conditions and what they perceive to be neglect from the Charleston government, this movement has gained at least some momentum. This, perhaps, will be sufficient to show that after Returns from some counties were as low as 5%, e.g. Many such early settlers in Virginia were called Second Sons. August 1734, Grant to Rus Smith, 150 Christopher Gist, a surveyor for the first Ohio Company, which was composed chiefly of Virginians, explored the country along the Ohio River north of the mouth of the Kanawha River in 1751 and 1752. The first Settlers of Augusta County, Virginia arrived in the 1720's primarily from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Eastern Virginia. Likewise, St. Albans, West Virginia, at the confluence of the Kanawha and Coal Rivers, became a point of trade. Neither the land grant or the Swiss colony ever materialized. During the American Revolution, the movement to create a state west of the Alleghenies was revived and a petition for the establishment of "Westsylvania" was presented to Congress, on the grounds that the mountains presented an almost impassable barrier to the east. This fort would become Middle Plantation and later Williamsburg, Virginia. 19th century steamboats were built and repaired in Wheeling, Parkersburg, Point Pleasant and Mason City. West Virginia enthusiastically supported World War II, with 67,000 men and about 1,000 women donning uniforms. Many would join other tribes and remove to the midwest regions as settlers arrived in the state. Fairfax's daughter Anne married Warner Washington, 1st cousin of President George Washginton, Served as Governor of Virginia from 1727 until 1749, named, Father of Patrick Henry, American Founding Father. Some history [41], West Virginia was forested. Grant to Robert McKay, jr., "Charles Ambler's Sectionalism in Virginia: An Appreciation,". Some West Virginia women also volunteered for military service, which was available to African American women. In 2011, West Virginia state delegate Larry Kump sponsored legislation to allow Morgan, Berkeley, and Jefferson counties to rejoin Virginia by popular vote. There was another Orange County, Virginia was formed in 1734. 1 The Late Prehistoric (c. AD 9501650) phases of the Fort Ancient Tradition include Feurt Phase, Blennerhassett Phase, Bluestone Phase, Clover Complex followed by the Orchard Phase (c. AD 15501650) with a Late Proto-historic arrival of a Lizard Cult from the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. acres, on the _____ branch of the Opeckon, between the Ambler, Charles H. "If it required a military force to hold an election, if Cabell County, which borders on the Ohio River, had to have a military force to hold an election there; if Boone had to have a military force to hold an election at two points; if a detachment went up and held an election there, and got into a corner of Raleigh and held an election there, with what difficulty are the counties represented?" The VGN and the N&W ultimately became parts of the modern Norfolk Southern system, and the VGN's well-engineered 20th-century tracks continue to offer a favorable gradient to Hampton Roads. Arthur Laidley, elected to the General Assembly from Cabell County, attended the June Convention but refused to take part. 1734, Grant to Daniel Burnett, 490 This unique collection of family and local histories, marriage records, military records, and court records references approximately 200,000 individuals. first settlers, yet the full names he is able to give, or does West Virginia suffragists worked at supporting the agendas put forward by the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the National Association of Colored Women and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the 1890s through the early part of the 20th century. It was set up to be the center of the Virginia Colony's government and commerce. Including accounts of its Soils, Timber, Minerals, Water, and Material Wealth. Soon after the Union government declared that the Restored Government was the legitimate government of the Commonwealth, the Restored Government asserted its authority to give such approval. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Paul Williams, 270 ", "If they proceeded now to direct a division of the State before a free expression of the people could be had, they would do a more despotic act than any ever done by the Richmond Convention itself. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. of Militia in Accomack County, a contemporary of. 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Contemporaneously to Fort Ancient Tradition southerly of the state, the sister culture called Monongahela is found on the northerly of the Mountain State stemming from the Drew Tradition. On April 27, 1738, dated to The convention passed an act for the reorganization of the government on June 19, 1861. Hunt, Christian Blank. When the First Wheeling Convention met, 425 delegates from 25 counties were present, but a division of sentiment soon arose. Unemployment ended as the mines, railroads, mills and factories worked overtime to create the "Arsenal of Democracy" that supplied the munitions to win the war. Beginning in 1898, Page teamed with northern and European-based investors to take advantage of the undeveloped area. ], This page was last updated Tuesday, 16-Jun-2015 10:52:10 EDT. Also brief accounts of First Settlers, and their Descendants. "Corporations lay track into thousands of hollows and pulled billions of dollars in lumber and coal from the region over the following century." Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, Captain Christopher Newport, Captain John Ratcliffe, Captain Gabriel Archer, and Captain Edward Wingfield were in charge of the expedition. acres, dated October 3, 1734, Grant to David Perkins, 519 [20] In secessionist counties where a poll was conducted it was by military intervention. This push, however, would soon provoke conflict, both with Native Americans already living in the area and with the French who also believed they held claim to the land. As coal mining and related work became a major employment activities in the state, there was considerable labor strife as working conditions and safety issues, as well as economic ones arose. that so many names of the early settlers of any region can be Berkeley County was founded in 1772 The area now known as West Virginia was a favorite hunting ground of numerous Native American peoples before the arrival of European settlers. Survey of Early Settlers on Patterson Creek; Wilmer L. KERNS' Early Settlers of Patterson's Creek - Map and List; Early Religious Migration, Additional Sources Latest update: Monday, October 8, 2012. 1735, Grant to Alexander Ross, 2373 The first permanent English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. The necessary sections of right-of way and land were acquired before the large railroads realized what was happening. expressed, which orders were made June 17, 1730. Peuter, Thos. The first settlers at the English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia hoped to forge new lives away from Englandbut life in the early 1600s at Jamestown consisted mainly of danger, hardship . be recorded after that date. He was born in Wales and emigrated to Delaware about 1712. [40], The new state benefited from development of its mineral resources more than any other single economic activity after Reconstruction. Some were German-born or the Pennsylvania-born children of German-speaking Protestant immigrants from the Palatinate and other areas bordering the Rhine River. 500 acres, dated 3 October, 1734, Grant to Richard Pendall, 300 During the war, the settlers in western Virginia were generally active Whigs and many served in the Continental Army. Salt mining had been underway since the 18th century, though that which could be easily obtained had largely played out by the time of the American Civil War, when the red salt of Kanawha County was a valued commodity of first Confederate, and later Union forces. is a list of grantees of lands conveyed by Jost Hite and Although the Deepwater plan should have provided a competitive shipping market via either railroad, leaders of the two large railroads did not appreciate the scheme and sought to discourage competition in an area they considered theirs for expansion plans. acres, 12 November 1735. The people of the expedition consisted of 'gentlemen' and farmers. part of the same article. For practical purposes, the Adena is Early Woodland period according to West Virginia University's Dr. Edward V. McMichael,[4] also among the 1963 Geological Survey. [11] However, western reforms were rejected by leaders from east of the Alleghenies who "clung to political power in an effort to preserve their plantation lifestyles dependent on enslaving blacks. Gradually, settlers drifted farther down the Ohio River into present southern Indiana and Illinois; population generally followed the Ohio and the Wabash Rivers. Paul H. Rakes, "West Virginia Coal Mine Fatalities: The Subculture of Danger and a Statistical Overview of the Pre-enforcement Era,", Rob Silvester, West Virginia State Wildlife Center: A Century of Conservation and Education, WVDNR, 2010, Pamela Edwards, "West Virginia Women in World War II: The Role of Gender, Class, and Race in Shaping Wartime Volunteer Efforts,", Sam F. Stack, Jr., "Implementing 'Brown' V. 'Board Of Education' In West Virginia: The 'Southern School News' Reports,", Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition, Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 18291830, Virginia Constitutional Convention of 185051, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union. The Adena Indians used ceremonial pipes that were exceptional works of art. ", Virgil Lewis "How West Virginia Was Made", pgs. included in a county to be called the county of Orange, being They acquired large tracts of land in the area, and Page began the Deepwater Railway, a short-line railroad which was chartered to stretch between the C&O at its line along the Kanawha River and the N&W at Matoaka, a distance of about 80 miles (130km). acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Samuel Morris, 378 Trading posts were established at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers at Point Pleasant, West Virginia where, in the mid 1780s, Daniel Boone resided for several years. Grant to Peter Woolf, 600 acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to William Jay 100 Noe, Kenneth W. "Exterminating Savages: The Union Army and Mountain Guerrillas in Southern West Virginia, 18611865." By royal charter, the extreme western boundaries of Virginia at this time extended to the Pacific Ocean, but the terms "backcountry" or "back settlements" specifically refer to new settlements in the eastern Appalachian . On the following day, the convention chose Francis H. Pierpont as governor of the "Restored Government of Virginia", elected other officers, and adjourned. The enterprise, fraught with disease, dissension, and determined . The constitutionality of the new state was achieved when the Unionist government of Virginia approved the division. 1995-2022 Ancestral Findings, LLC. Following Confederate General Robert E. Lee's defeat at Cheat Mountain in the same year, supremacy in western Virginia was never again seriously challenged. of Jamaica 1728-1734. Virginians led by former Confederate General William Mahone formed a political coalition based upon this theory, the Readjuster Party. 1734, Grant to Josiah Jones, 104 Brown was quickly convicted of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, murder, and fomenting a slave insurrection, and was hanged on December 2. Buffalo were included in 1954 and attracted additional visitors. Many ancient earthen mounds constructed by various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. Meanwhile, officers for the new state were chosen, and Governor Pierpont moved the Restored Government to Alexandria from which he asserted jurisdiction over the counties of Virginia within the federal lines. Also in 1634, a new system of local government was created in the Virginia Colony by order of the King of England. The first settlers of the area destined to become Wood County located along the Ohio, Little Kanawha and Hughes Rivers. McCormick, Samuel Walker, Chas. During this expedition the pair followed the New River and discovered Kanawha Falls. "Crisis Politics in West Virginia, 18611870," in Richard O. Curry ed., Engle, Stephen D. "Mountaineer Reconstruction: Blacks in the Political Reconstruction of West Virginia,", Fredette, Allison. Why, when Mr. Battelle submitted his resolutions, a kind of tremor a holy horror, was visible throughout the house! acres, October 3, 1734. Their living characteristics were more of a heritage from the Woodland Indians.[7]. where he was not known. Bands of guerrillas burned and plundered in some sections, and were not entirely suppressed until after the war was ended. the West Virginia Historical Society and there may be more. Notwithstanding the competitive fears of the C&O and N&W, soon all three railroads were shipping ever-increasing volumes of coal to export from Hampton Roads. was Col. James Wood, afterwards Clerk of the Court of Frederick, It Then, in the late 1700s and early 1800s, more land started to be cleared to build early forts and then towns as more settlers arrived. acres, October 3, 1734, Grant to Thos. The first native settlers in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands (Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Mineral, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, and Tucker counties) were the Mound Builders, also known as the Adena people. Chester, The logging industry furthered the river shipping industry. Dorarfe, Geo. They also raised domestic turkeys and kept dogs as pets. Also in 1725, Pearsall's Flats in the South Branch Potomac River valley, present-day Romney, was settled, and later became the site of the French and Indian War stockade, Fort Pearsall. John Brown (18001859), an abolitionist who saw slavery as a sin against God, led a successful anti-slavery movement in Kansas (see Bleeding Kansas), and hoped to strike a decisive blow against Southern slavery, creating a massive "underground railroad"type project, in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, that would assist the enslaved in running away and becoming free. Forman, Nath Thomas: To John Grubb, Thos. This was made acceptable to the west by a provision that required the General Assembly to reapportion representation on the basis of white population in 1865, or else put the matter to a public referendum. [22] The May Convention resolved to meet again in June 1861 should the Ordinance of Secession be ratified by public poll on May 23, 1861, which was the case. Hite. A number of riverside locations were used for early Industrial Revolution production. After its new President Frederick J. Kimball and a small party journeyed by horseback and saw firsthand the rich bituminous coal seam (which Kimball's wife named "Pocahontas," the N&W redirected its planned westward expansion to reach it. Youll also find an exhaustive compilation of the states earliest marriages and, in an interesting twist on genealogical record keeping, two volumes of genealogical and architectural histories. Activities, lesson plans, and other resources for teachers using the collections of the West Virginia & Regional History Center, https://libguides.wvu.edu/wvrhcteacherresources. Served as Deputy-Governor of the Virginia Colony from 1616-1617, 1625 & 1627. Updated: Feb 27, 2023 / 11:55 PM CST. But the east also gave itself a tax advantage in requiring a property tax at true and actual value, except for slaves. He explains as industry developed in the region, the people of West Virginia saw a need for wildlife conservation. 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